Anthropic’s Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open-source protocol that enables secure, two-way communication between AI assistants and data sources like databases, APIs, and enterprise tools. By adopting a client-server architecture, MCP standardizes the way AI models interact with external data, eliminating the need for custom integrations for each new data source.
Key Components of MCP:
- Hosts: AI applications that initiate connections (e.g., Claude Desktop).
- Clients: Systems that maintain one-to-one connections with servers within the host application.
- Servers: Systems that provide context, tools, and prompts to clients.
Why MCP Matters?
Simplifies Integrations
Traditionally, connecting AI models to different data sources required custom code and solutions. MCP replaces this fragmented approach with a single, standardized protocol. This simplification accelerates development and reduces the maintenance burden.
Enhances AI Capabilities
By providing AI models with seamless access to diverse data sources, MCP enhances their ability to produce more relevant and accurate responses. This is particularly beneficial for tasks that require real-time data or specialized information.
Promotes Security
MCP is designed with security in mind. Servers control their own resources, eliminating the need to share sensitive API keys with AI providers. The protocol establishes clear system boundaries, ensuring that data access is both controlled and auditable.
Collaboration
As an open-source initiative, MCP encourages contributions from the developer community. This collaborative environment accelerates innovation and increase the range of available connectors and tools.
How MCP Works
Architecture
MCP Architecture
At its core, MCP follows a client-server architecture where a host application can connect to multiple servers. This setup allows AI applications to interact seamlessly with various data sources.
Components:
- MCP Hosts: Programs like Claude Desktop, IDEs, or AI tools that want to access resources through MCP.
- MCP Clients: Protocol clients that maintain one-to-one connections with servers.
- MCP Servers: Lightweight programs that each expose specific capabilities through the standardized Model Context Protocol.
- Local Resources: Your computer’s resources (databases, files, services) that MCP servers can securely access.
- Remote Resources: Resources available over the internet (e.g., through APIs) that MCP servers can connect to.
Getting Started with MCP
Prerequisites
- Claude Desktop App: Available for macOS and Windows.
- SDKs: MCP provides SDKs for TypeScript and Python.
Steps to Begin
- Install Pre-Built MCP Servers: Start by installing servers for common data sources like Google Drive, Slack, or GitHub through the Claude Desktop app.
- Configure the Host Application: Edit the configuration file to include the MCP servers you want to use.
- Build Custom MCP Servers: Use the provided SDKs to create servers tailored to your specific data sources or tools.
- Connect and Test: Establish a connection between your AI application and the MCP server, and start experimenting.
What’s Happening Under the Hood?
When you interact with an AI application like Claude Desktop using MCP, several processes occur to facilitate communication and data exchange.
1. Server Discovery
- Initialization: Upon startup, the MCP host (e.g., Claude Desktop) connects to your configured MCP servers. This establishes the initial communication channels needed for further interactions.
2. Protocol Handshake
- Capability Negotiation: The host application and MCP servers perform a handshake to negotiate capabilities and establish a common understanding.
- Identification: The host identifies which MCP server can handle a specific request based on the resources or functionalities it exposes.
3. Interaction Flow
Let’s consider an example where you’re querying a local SQLite database through Claude Desktop.
MCP protocol
Step-by-Step Process:
- Initialize Connection: Claude Desktop connects to the MCP server configured to interact with SQLite.
- Available Capabilities: The MCP server communicates its capabilities, such as executing SQL queries.
- Query Request: You prompt Claude Desktop to retrieve data. The host sends a query request to the MCP server.
- SQL Query Execution: The MCP server executes the SQL query on the SQLite database.
- Results Retrieval: The MCP server retrieves the results and sends them back to Claude Desktop.
- Formatted Results: Claude Desktop presents the data to you in a readable format.
More Use Cases
- Software Development: Enhance code generation tools by connecting AI models to code repositories or issue trackers.
- Data Analysis: Allow AI assistants to access and analyze datasets from databases or cloud storage.
- Enterprise Automation: Integrate AI with business tools like CRM systems or project management platforms.
Benefits of the MCP Architecture
- Modularity: By separating the host and servers, MCP allows for modular development and easier maintenance.
- Scalability: Multiple MCP servers can be connected to a single host, each handling different resources.
- Interoperability: Standardizing communication through MCP enables different AI tools and resources to work together seamlessly.
Early Adopters and Community Support
Companies like Replit and Codeium are already adding support for MCP, and organizations like Block and Apollo have implemented it. This growing ecosystem indicates strong industry support and a promising future for MCP.
Resources and Further Reading
Conclusion
The Model Context Protocol is a step forward in simplifying how AI models interact with data sources. By standardizing these connections, MCP not only accelerates development but also enhances the capabilities of AI assistants. Anathopic is doing a great job at providing developers the tools to use AI effectively.
